A group of researchers from The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University investigated the effect of probiotic supplementation during pregnancy on gut microbiota and inflammatory proteins (cytokines). In this study, 30 pregnant women with no history of diseases, especially periodontitis, type 2 diabetes and bacterial vaginosis, were recruited before 32 weeks of gestation and divided randomly into two groups (14 pregnant women received probiotic and 16 pregnant women did not receive probiotic). The probiotic group received 2 tablets twice daily until delivery. The mixture composed of Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus delbruecki bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Researchers in this study found that the level of inflammatory proteins (cytokines) were equal between baseline and control groups but were significantly increased after probiotic administration. Therefore, probiotic supplementation could have immunomodulatory effects through the stimulation of a variety of inflammatory proteins which could help to create a pro-inflammatory microenvironment which is important for labour.