During the pregnancy period unique inflammatory and immune changes alter the maternal gut function and microbiota composition as the pregnancy advances. The pregnant woman’s gut microbiota undergoes significant changes throughout the period of pregnancy. During the first trimester, gut microbiota is similar to that of non-pregnant women, but the composition and structure is dramatically altered over the course of pregnancy especially in the third trimester (1,3). These changes are characterized by a significant depletion in the level of short chain fatty acid bacteria with anti-inflammatory activities, which is depleted in metabolic syndrome (2). This alteration contributes to the changes in the host immunologic and metabolic function, resembling changes seen in metabolic syndrome such as weight gain and insulin resistance. However, unlike metabolic syndrome, the change in the gut microbiota composition during the third trimester has a positive and important effect on pregnancy and contributes to the women’s healthy and fetus growth and development. For example, gut microbiota plays a vital role in weight gain during pregnancy through enhanced absorption of fatty acids and glucose and increase fasting-induced adipocyte factor secretion. Weight gain in pregnancy is important to provide the essential needs of the growing fetus (1).