The vaginal microbiota is complex ecosystem influenced by ethnic background, genes, and environmental and behavioural factors. The healthy vagina is dominated by several Lactobacillus species that support the defence system against infection and dysbiosis (an imbalance in the microbial community that is associated with disease). The acidic metabolites of these species maintain the low pH and impair the colonization by aerobic and anaerobic acid sensitive bacteria. Consequently, maintaining low microbiota diversity in the vagina. High microbiota diversity in the vagina found to be associated with increased risk of bacterial infection known as bacterial vaginosis.